Baking soda is used in recipes that contain an acid ingredient such as buttermilk, sour cream or citrus juice. When the soda is moistened, it reacts with the acid to produce a gas that causes the mixture to rise. Such batters should be baked soon after mixing. Baking powder is a mixture of soda and acid that acts quickly when moistened. Double-acting baking powder begins to act when moistened but releases additional gas during baking and does not need to be handled so hastily.
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